Logic Models vs. Theory of Change AKA: how to get to a puppy filled meadow
By Jessica Payne and Jan Schwaid
Imagine you’re standing at the start of a long journey through a tangled forest. The path ahead is filled with obstacles—thorny brambles, relentless bugs, wild beasts, and just plain exhaustion. You know that at the end of this journey is a peaceful meadow filled with puppies and sunshine (and maybe a pot of gold). But right now, it feels impossible to reach.
Let’s rewind a bit—we promise we’ll get back to that puppy-filled meadow.
Today, we’re talking about two important tools in nonprofit planning: Theory of Change (TOC) and Logic Models (LMs). And while “Theory of Change” might sound like the name of an indie band (dibs if it’s not already), it’s actually a foundational framework that helps nonprofits define their purpose, strategy, and impact.
What’s the Difference Between Logic Models and Theory of Change?
Logic Models are widely used to outline the inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes of a nonprofit’s work. They’re excellent visual tools that help funders and stakeholders quickly understand how a program functions. However, LMs often stop short of explaining why each step leads to the intended result.
Theory of Change, on the other hand, goes deeper. It starts with your ultimate goal and works backward, mapping out the necessary preconditions and strategies to get there. It not only shows what your organization is doing, but why those actions matter—and how they lead to lasting change.
Why We Prioritize Theory of Change at Mockingbird Analytics
At Mockingbird Analytics, we typically begin our work with nonprofits by developing a Theory of Change. Many of our clients are small, growing organizations still shaping their programs and internal structures. A strong TOC helps establish clear goals, align activities with outcomes, and build a strong case for funding and stakeholder support.
It’s more than just a planning tool—it’s a roadmap for your organization’s future.
Back to the Hike
Let’s return to that metaphorical nature hike. The path may be overwhelming at first glance, but when you break it down into manageable steps—clearing each obstacle one at a time—the journey becomes possible. That’s exactly what a Theory of Change does. It simplifies complexity, clarifies priorities, and helps your team move forward with purpose.
And here’s another bonus: it makes collaboration easier. Executive directors often carry the weight of the organization alone. But building a TOC together allows team members to share the load, own their part of the mission, and move forward as a united force.
When everyone can see the big picture and how their role fits into it, morale improves, communication strengthens, and your strategy becomes much more than words on a page.
Why a Theory of Change Helps You Fundraise Smarter
Once your nonprofit can articulate the logic behind your programs and goals, it becomes much easier to apply for grants, demonstrate your value to funders, and explain your long-term vision. A solid TOC strengthens your grant proposals, clarifies your evaluation strategies, and helps you make the case for support in a way that resonates.
Let’s Get You to That Meadow
At Mockingbird Analytics, we specialize in helping nonprofits design a Theory of Change that reflects their mission, community, and impact. We work with your team to organize your activities, clarify your vision, and create a powerful narrative that supports your growth.
Whether you're just starting out or refining a mature program, we’re here to walk the path with you—step by step.
Just promise to send us pictures when you get to that puppy-filled meadow.